Morphological analysis of interstitial Cajal cells and mast cells in experimental hyperactivity bladder and stress incontinence under influence of pharmacocorrection

Abstract

The existing data indicate the multifactorial mechanisms of development of the overactive bladder (OAB), but the issue of OAB pathogenesis remains unclear. In more recent times, the neurogenic theory of OAB genesis has being accompanied by the increasing attention to the study of morphological changes that occur in the smooth myocytes of the detrusor and their interaction with the extracellular matrix. Therefore, the objective of our study became the evaluation of distribution of interstitial Cajal cells (ICC) and basophilic granulocytes (BG) in the structural elements of the bladder wall under stress urinary incontinence and its overactivity before and after treatment with Mirabegron, Spasmex, Quercetin and combination thereof with testosterone and estradiol, using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The experimental models of OAB and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) presented the increase in the amount and functional activity of BG revealed by histological and immunohistochemical methods, as well as ICC at all terms of OAB monitoring, while the SUI presented with high concentration and functional activity of BG only after 14 days of the experiment. After 28 days, we observed a sharp decrease of the parameters, indicating decompensation and depletion of the functional activity. The number of ICC decreased under SUI after both 14 days and 28 days of the experiment. The group of experimental animals receiving Spasmex and its combination with hormones, presented no significant effect on the quantitative and qualitative composition of BG and ICC at OAB and SUI on Day 14 of the experiment, but the combination with testosterone demonstrated statistically reliable (p<0.001) reduction of BG and ICC expression in the muscle layer of the bladder after 14 days, and unreliable after 28 days of the experiment (p>0.05). The administration of Mirabegron alone and especially its combination with testosterone and estradiol presented positive trends in histochemical and immunohistochemical expression of BG and ICC. The experiment proved high efficacy of Quercetin in combination with testosterone and estradiol under OAB and SUI, confirmed by stabilization of the functional activity of BG and ICC quantitative composition.