Досліджено перспективність використання каталізатора на основі сполук паладію(ІІ),
купруму(ІІ) та термічно-модифікованого трепелу для низькотемпературного окиснення монооксиду карбону киснем повітря. Встановлено, що низькотемпературний
каталізатор складу Pd(ІІ)-Cu(ІІ)/300-Тр при СПСО = 1000 мг/м3 лише за умови τ´ = 1,13 с
забезпечує очистку повітря нижче проскокової концентрації СО (СКСО = 200 мг/м3)
і може бути рекомендований для спорядження засобів індивідуального захисту органів
дихання від монооксиду карбону.
Nowadays, the number of emergency situations related to fires is quite high. The high
percentage of human deaths is mainly due to poisoning by gaseous toxic substances including
carbon monoxide. The most problematic issue is the development or application of existing
catalysts in means of individual protection of human respiratory organs – respirators, gas
masks, self-rescuers. The compositions based on thermally modified tripoli obtained by the
method of impregnation of the carrier by moisture content with compounds of copper(II),
palladium(II) and potassium bromide were investigated. According to X-ray phase analysis,
it was established that thermally modified tripoli is a polyphase crystalline mineral containing
the following main phases: a-quartz, a-tridymite, b-cristobalite, a-cristobalite. The influence
of the initial concentration of CO, which does not exceed 15 MPC, on the kinetic and
stoichiometric parameters of the reaction varied in the range from 100 to 300 mg/m3. It
was noted that the reaction rate in the stationary mode (Wst) is directly proportional to the
increase in the initial concentration of carbon monoxide in the gas phase. The values of the
constant k
I and the degree of CO conversion (hst) do not depend on , which also confirms
the first order of CO concentration. Particular attention is paid to the aspects of ensuring
protection against carbon monoxide when its concentration exceeds 15 MPC. Usually, special
equipment, such as filtering self-rescuers, is used to clean the air from carbon monoxide at
concentrations from 1000 to 6500 mg/m3. The catalyst developed by us is intended for use in
lightweight personal respiratory protective equipment (RPE) at concentrations not exceeding
15 MPC. Therefore, there was an interest in researching the possibilities of using this catalyst
in the self-saving filter system. The concentration of carbon monoxide in the gas-air mixture
was varied from 400 to 2500 mg/m3 in the presence of the К2PdCl4-Cu(NO3)2-КBr/300-Tr(K)
system. It was established that Wst increases in direct proportion with an increase in the gasair mixture up to 1250 mg/m3, which indicates the first order of the reaction according to
carbon monoxide. It was found that at = 1000 mg/m3 only under the condition τ´ = 1.13 s
(mk= 10 g) the К2PdCl4-Cu(NO3)2-KBr/Tr catalyst provides air purification below the breakthrough CO concentration ( = 200 mg/m3). Experiments on the influence of SO2 on
the activity of carbon monoxide oxidation catalysts have shown that they lose their activity,
so in air purification systems from CO, it is necessary to provide for the stage of capturing
sulfur dioxide.
