Pathogenetic features of the course of HIV-associated nephropathy

Abstract

As is known, immune system disorders in HIV infection are of a systemic nature and are manifested by imbalance and deep suppression of the T- and B-links of cellular immunity, which leads to changes in both functional lymphocyte and monocyte/macrophage activity and immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions, humoral immunity and factors of nonspecific defense of the body. In the dynamics of the disease, the functional insufficiency of CD8 + T-lymphocytes, neutrophils and NK cells is increasing. Also, together with the deficit of CD4 + T-lymphocytes, the level of serum immunoglobulin’s and circulating immune complexes, catabolism products of cell receptors and changes in nucleic acids also increase. Clinically, changes in the immune status are manifested by allergic, infectious, autoimmune and lymph proliferative immunodeficiency syndromes that determine the clinical manifestations of HIV infection.