Basing on the results of own investigations and literature data we have carried out the analysis of structural and functional characteristics of cells, being a part of compartment of stem elements. There are presented the data obtained by authors about the capability of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) to differentiate in vitro into neuronal cells, which are successfully used in clinical practice. Taking as an example the embryonic and stem cells derived from other sources (BMSC, haemopoietic precursors) peculiarities of their response to the cryopreservation factors depending on the differentiation level are shown. Varying of the cryopreservation conditions is shown to determine the character of stem cell growth in vivo and in vitro.
