The study involved 60 patients with long standing persistent AF (LSPAF) for more than one year and resistant to medical therapy. The average age of the entire group was (61.0± ±9.2) years (28 women and 32 men).
Complex fragmented activity (CFA) zones were recorded in all patients: in the collectors of left pulmonary veins — 82%, right pulmonary veins — 79%, coronary sinus — 96%, left atrial appendage — 85%.
The CFA zones located in areas with high-amplitude activity, slow heterogeneous conduct and were directly related to premature activation of the left atrium. Structural change of such tissues is not the only mechanism underlying the genesis of the CFA, but non-homogeneity created in high-amplitude areas may also contribute to the maintenance of artrial fibrillation.