Review is devoted to the analysis of modern literature data about of the influence of the immune system on CNS function, including the conditions of inflammatory processes that play an important role in the molecular mechanisms generate seizure activity. It is shown that inflammatory mediators not only cause local inflammation involving immune cells, but also act as “neuromodulators”. The perception of their signals is performed by specialized receptors on the membranes of neurons, thereby modulating the function of all neurons, including their excitability. The authors analyze the available theoretical and experimental data of recent years about whether there is inflammation in the brain cause or effect of seizure and is associated the neuroinflammation with neuronal death and they base possible approaches in developing new methods of treatment of epilepsy based on a targeted impact on inflammatory mediators.
